Projections of Temperature-related Non-accidental Mortality in Nanjing,China

<正>The health effects of climatic changes constitute an important research area, yet few researchers have reported city-or region-specific projections of temperature-related deaths based on assumptions about mitigation and adaptation. Herein, we provide quantitative projections for the number of additional deaths expected in the future, owing to the cold and heat in the city of Nanjing, China, based on 31 global circulation models(GCMs), two representative     

High Prevalence and Factors Contributing to Hyperhomocysteinemia,Folate Deficiency,and Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Healthy Adults in Shanghai,China

<正>Elevated plasma or serum total homocysteine(tHcy) level has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease~([1]), as well as dementia and cognitive decline~([2]). Plasma or serum folate and vitamin B_(12) influence homocysteine(Hcy) metabolism as a co-substrate and cofactor respectively, so that low concentrations of folate and     

Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study

Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity was investigated with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique in the whole spinal cord with the light microscope and in the dorsal horn with the electron microscope. Intraparenchymal injections of colchicine were performed to allow the detection of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive cell bodies. Rats treated at birth with capsaicin were also studied at the light microscope. Numerous cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fibres and varicosities were found in the two superficial layers of the dorsal horn and in the intermedio-medial nucleus; cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive cell bodies were also present in these two regions. After neonatal capsaicin treatment, the number of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fibres and varicosities was strongly reduced in the dorsal horn. At the electron microscope level, cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity was localized in numerous neurites often filled with vesicles (axon terminals and dendrites containing vesicles) and in few cell bodies and dendrites. The immunoreaction was found mainly associated with ribosomes, granular reticulum, neurotubules and vesicles. Large granular vesicles were filled with the reaction product whereas small and medium-sized vesicles showed a varying degree of immunoprecipitate around their membrane. In addition dense "granules" of precipitate were observed in numerous presynaptic neurites. Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive axons were of small calibre and mostly unmyelinated. Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive axon terminals made asymmetric synaptic contacts with generally unlabelled dendrites or dendritic spines. A single labelled nerve terminal could contact several different dendrites in structures resembling glomeruli. Few axo-somatic synapses but a relatively high number of axo-axonic contacts were seen. About half of these axo-axonic contacts involved pre- and postsynaptic profiles. Both light and electron microscopic observations led us to the conclusion that some of the cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fibres of the dorsal horn originate in the spinal ganglia via capsaicin-sensitive C afferents; and some from intrinsic neurons, particularly islet cells. Other fibres may come from supraspinal centres, other local neurons or capsaicin-insensitive afferents from the spinal ganglia. The results are discussed with regard to data in the literature, particularly those concerned with the specificity of the cholecystokinin antibodies; it is hypothesized that several types of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive peptides may be present in the dorsal horn, depending on their origin (supraspinal, intrinsic or peripheral).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

老年腔隙性脑梗死患者抑郁情绪及影响因素的研究

脑梗死后抑郁状态是脑卒中常见的并发症之一 ,其发生率为 2 3%～ 6 5 % [1] 。脑梗死后抑郁不仅严重影响患者的生活质量 ,而且可直接影响其康复和预后。随着医学影像学的发展 ,腔隙性脑梗死(Ｌａｃｕｎａｒｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＬＩ)的诊断率逐渐增高。为探讨老年ＬＩ患者抑郁的临床特点 ,我们收集老年ＬＩ病人 12 6例 ,对其抑郁的特点、抑郁症状与ＬＩ的关系及影响因素进行了研究 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　研究对象为 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月在本院及济宁市一院精神科住院的ＬＩ病人 12 6例 ,年龄 6 0～ 82…     

电针“曲池”穴对中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ诱发的动脉血压升高大鼠异常交感神经活性的影响

目的:观察电针"曲池"穴对侧脑室慢性灌流血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)高血压大鼠平均动脉压、交感神经活性、压力感受敏感性,以及延髓头端腹外侧区(RVML)内脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)酶亚单位p 47phox表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、aCSF组、模型组、曲池组、肩髃组,每组9只。其中模型组、曲池组、肩髃组大鼠使用Alzet微渗透泵分别经侧脑室慢性灌流AngⅡ(200μg·kg-1·d-1),而aCSF组给予人工脑脊液(aCSF)灌流。曲池组给予电针"曲池"穴治疗,"肩髃"组给予电针"肩髃"穴治疗,均每日1次,每次20min,共治疗2周。使用无创系统测量清醒大鼠的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、24h尿去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平和压力感受敏感性;Real-time PCR和Western blot方法检测RVML内BDNF和p 47phox mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:与aCSF组比较,模型组大鼠的MAP、HR和24h尿NE水平均显著增加(P0.01),压力反射敏感性显著降低(P0.01)。与模型组比较,曲池组大鼠的MAP、HR和24h尿NE水平显著降低(P0.05),压力反射敏感性显著增加(P0.05)。曲池组的RVML内BDNF mRNA和蛋白水平均较模型组显著升高(P0.05);而曲池组RVML内p 47phox mRNA和蛋白的表达与模型组比较显著下降(P0.05)。结论:电针"曲池"穴可抑制中枢AngⅡ诱发的动脉血压升高和交感神经活性增加,并提高压力感受敏感性。该效应可能是通过上调RVML内BDNF,并抑制脑内病理性血管紧张素Ⅱ引发的异常交感神经活性而达到的。     

李果烈调和阴阳论治原发性高血压临床经验

介绍了李果烈运用调和阴阳法治疗原发性高血压的临床经验,认为原发性高血压其主要病位在于肝、肾、心、脑,病机特点为本虚标实,阴阳失调为本,风、火、痰、瘀为标。除考虑从肝肾论治外,还应重视其阴阳失调、阴阳两虚的可能,尤其是病程较长、症状错综复杂、反复波动的难治性高血压患者,临床常以二仙汤为基本方进行加减治疗。因临床症状复杂多变,选药和剂量常根据患者伴随症状的具体情况而有所不同。     

栗锦迁教授治疗胸痹用药规律研究

[目的]挖掘栗锦迁教授治疗胸痹的学术思想及其用药规律。[方法]应用中医传承辅助平台系统分析栗锦迁教授治疗胸痹用药的频次、四气、五味、归经、用药模式、关联性,并得到无监督的熵层次聚类分析新处方。[结果]通过分析栗锦迁教授治疗胸痹用药规律得到胸痹病机关键为心脉痹阻,病位在心,并涉及其余四脏,病机特点为本虚标实,虚实夹杂,虚者多见气虚、阳虚,实者多为气滞、寒凝、痰浊、血瘀,并多以相互搏结为患,常用治法为行气止痛、化痰除痹、活血化瘀、补气生血等,得到常用药对及11个新处方。[结论]应用中医传承辅助系统分析能进一步为研究胸痹常见证型的用药规律及新药研究提供有益的线索和启示,也为临床或基础研究提供了依据。     

绵羊李斯特菌载体结核疫苗株inlB1基因缺失减毒株的构建及评价

目的 对以绵羊李斯特菌（Listeriaivanovii,LI）为载体的结核疫苗候选株LI-Ag85C进行基因减毒,初步评价其体内外生物学特性。方法 构建含有inlB1基因上、下游同源序列的打靶质粒,电转原始菌LI-Ag85C感受态细胞,同源重组敲除inlB1基因;测定减毒株LIΔinlB1-Ag85C和原始株LI-Ag85C的体外生长曲线;测定两株菌对于肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞的黏附、侵袭能力的影响,比较两株菌溶血能力的差异,两株菌对于小鼠的半数致死量（median lethal dose,LD50）差异。结果 敲除inlB1基因的重组结核疫苗候选株LIΔinlB1-Ag85C的基因序列符合预期结果。减毒株与原始株的体外生长情况基本一致;对于HepG2细胞的黏附率分别为6.66%和7.46%,侵袭率分别为0.031%和0.042%,减毒株的黏附、侵袭能力均低于原始株,但差异无统计学意义;减毒株的溶血活性较原始株无明显变化;对小鼠的LD50值分别为3.2×108 CFU/只和6.7×107 CFU/只,减毒株LD50相较于原始株明显提高。结论 成功构建inlB1基因缺失的新型结核疫苗候选株LIΔinlB1-Ag85C,其毒力较原始株降低。     

比较电针"合谷""足三里"穴对IBS模型大鼠结肠动力及结肠M3受体表达的影响

目的观察并比较电针"合谷""足三里"穴对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠结肠动力及结肠M_3受体免疫反应物阳性表达的影响,初步探讨电针不同穴性及不同神经节段支配的穴位对IBS的效应差异及结肠动力改变的相关机制。方法选取新生wistar大鼠40只,随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、合谷组和足三里组。除空白对照组外,均采用新生期母婴分离、醋酸灌肠及结直肠扩张刺激(CRD)的方法联合制备IBS大鼠模型。大鼠9周龄时,合谷组和足三里组分别给予电针(EA)干预,隔日1次,共5次。空白对照组及模型对照组不予干预。治疗结束后,按照Bristol大便分类法观察电针前后IBS大鼠的便型,采用腹部回撤反射(AWR)对大鼠进行肠道敏感性及平滑肌收缩强度评估,观察潜伏期、收缩波个数、起始波压力值;采用免疫组织化学法检测结肠M_3受体的表达。结果与针前相比,针后合谷组及足三里组大鼠的大便评分显著降低(P0.01)。与空白对照组相比,模型对照组大鼠的大便评分显著增高(P0.01),潜伏期明显缩短(P0.01),收缩波个数明显增多(P0.01),起始波压力值明显降低(P0.01),结肠内M_3受体免疫反应物阳性表达水平明显增强(P0.01);合谷组结肠内M_3受体免疫反应物阳性表达水平增强(P0.05)。与模型对照组相比,合谷组和足三里组大鼠针后的大便评分均显著降低(P0.01),潜伏期均明显延长(P0.01),合谷组和足三里组收缩波个数明显减少(P0.01,P0.05),起始波压力值均明显增高(P0.01),结肠内M_3受体免疫反应物阳性表达水平明显下降(P0.01)。与合谷组相比,足三里组大鼠的大便评分降低(P0.05),起始波压力值显著降低(P0.01),结肠内M_3受体免疫反应物阳性表达水平下降(P0.05)。结论电针"合谷""足三里"穴均可抑制IBS模型大鼠肠道收缩,改善肠道敏感性,缓解IBS症状。但"合谷"穴缓解腹痛效果更佳,而"足三里"穴减轻腹泻作用更强。说明电针不同穴性及不同神经节段支配的穴位对IBS疗效具有经穴效应特异性。